For this study, affect variability refers to “the degree to which affect -positive or negative- fluctuates over time.” Higher affect variability has been shown to correlate with poorer mental health. This study examines if higher affect variability is associated with alcohol use concerning differences between individuals who use or do not use alcohol and alcohol use frequency, intensity, and concurrent cannabis use.
The data was collected following the COVID-19 pandemic’s start, from February to December of 2021 this is when college students were experiencing poor affective well-being. The study consisted of 1851 participants, all full-time students between 18 and 24 years old. Students completed an online screener to determine eligibility and immediately after completed a 15–20-minute baseline survey. Students then completed a 21-day protocol where they completed daily surveys. Affect variability was measured using items modified from the PANAS. Alcohol and cannabis use, and frequency were also measured. The study hypothesized that positive and negative affect variability would be associated with higher odds of using alcohol and with co-use of alcohol and cannabis.
The findings showed the hypothesis to be true. Higher negative affect variability had an association with more frequent alcohol use, whereas both higher positive and negative affect variability were associated with more intense alcohol use. These results suggest that affect variability could be a risk factor for drinking behaviors that would increase the risk for alcohol use disorder during extreme times of stress, such as after the COVID-19 pandemic. Continued support from student organizations, academic support, and resources are essential to help students maintain a stable effect.
Takeaway: These results suggest that affect variability could be a risk factor for drinking behaviors that would increase risk for alcohol use disorder during stressful times.