Substance use typically peaks during young adulthood and use of multiple substances (polysubstance use) is also common during this time period. Polysubstance use is associated with greater negative consequences like psychosocial and mental health problems and poorer treatment outcomes. Despite this, most intervention efforts focus on single substance use. Therefore, understanding factors that contribute to polysubstance use is crucial in the development of polysubstance use interventions. One factor that may impact polysubstance use is educational attainment, as previous studies have demonstrated differing rates of single substance use among young adults attending college versus those who do not attend college. This study examines polysubstance use among young adults currently enrolled in college and those without a history of postsecondary education.
The study’s sample consisted of 745 young adults age 18 to 25 years old. Participants completed an online survey that assessed alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use during a typical week over the past 3 months. Alcohol-related problems were measured using the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. Respondents also completed scales to assess for drug-related problems, psychological distress, and perceived stress. Data was analyzed using a multigroup latent profile analysis.
Results of the data analysis showed three profiles of substance use among college students: a High-Level Substance Use profile (65.13%), a High-Level Tobacco Use profile (24.1%), and a Low-level Substance Use profile (10.8%). Those in the High-Level Substance Use profile had higher levels of alcohol problems, drug-related problem, and psychological stress compared to those in the other profiles. Students in the Low-Level Substance Use profile had significantly more alcohol-related consequences and perceived stress compared to the High-Level Tobacco Use group. Among noncollege young adults two substance use profiles emerged: High-Level Tobacco Use profile (78%) and Very High-Level Substance Use profile (22%). Those in the Very High-Level Substance Use profile had significantly more alcohol and drug related problems, psychological stress, and perceived stress when compared to those in the High-Level Tobacco Use profile.
Takeaway: Polysubstance use profiles may differ among young adults who attend college and those who do not attend college.