Recent research suggests polytobacco use [defined as concurrent use of cigarettes with one alternative nicotine and tobacco product (ANTP)] in young adults may increase nicotine dependence and tobacco-associated health risks. As such, a recent study investigated predictors of e-cigarettes and hookah among 18-24 year-olds, the two most prevalent ANTPs for this demographic. Study participants included young adults characterized as non-daily smokers for at least six months but never having smoked daily for one month (n=377). Participants completed an online survey as part of a larger, longitudinal study where they self-reported cigarette and ANTP use, as well as tobacco expectancies. Results indicated past-14 day prevalence of e-cigarette use at 34%, and hookah use at 33.4%. More positive expectancies of e-cigarette and hookah use associated with higher odds as well as more frequent use of these products.
Take Away: This study identified expectancies as a possible predictor of whether young adult non-daily cigarette smokers use e-cigarettes or hookah. As such, the authors suggest implementing specific prevention and intervention programs that target ANTP use by young adults.